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The Chief Investment Officer (CIO) of a large university endowment fund is considering the addition of several non-liquid assets to the university's investment portfolio to potentially boost its overall performance. To better understand the implications of this move, the CIO has tasked an investment manager with producing a comprehensive report on the characteristics of returns generated by illiquid assets. The investment manager has subsequently conducted an analysis of the behavior of these illiquid assets, focusing on the various factors that impact their returns.
A
Survivorship bias overstates reported returns of liquid assets by reporting only the returns of those funds that have achieved a return above a required threshold.
B
Reporting bias overstates reported returns of illiquid assets because only the returns of those funds that continue to remain in business over a given time period are considered.
C
Survivorship bias and reporting bias can theoretically be eliminated by including the returns of the entire population of funds.
D
Infrequent trading, although considered a bias, can still generate sufficient data for accurate beta and correlation estimates.