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Ui = aF + √(1-α²)zi
N⁻¹(PD) = aF
The default rate, expressed in terms of F, is provided by N(√(1-α²)).
A
The default probabilities of the individual loans in a portfolio are each mapped to the standard normal distribution Ui, of which values in the extreme right tail represent default.
B
A low value of the factor F indicates that the economy is strong, while a high value of F represents economic weakness.
C
For corporate borrowers, the value of the factor F is higher for loans to companies with more cyclical businesses.
D
The model coefficient a directly relates to the correlations between the default probability distributions Ui of the loans in the portfolio.