Establish three public subnets in the Neptune VPC and direct traffic via an internet gateway. Deploy the Lambda functions within these newly created public subnets.

Form three private subnets in the Neptune VPC and channel internet traffic through a NAT gateway. Position the Lambda functions in these freshly created private subnets.

Locate the Lambda functions outside the VPC. Modify the Neptune security group to permit access from the IP ranges associated with the Lambda functions.

Place the Lambda functions outside the VPC. Generate a VPC endpoint for the Neptune database, allowing the Lambda functions to connect to Neptune via this VPC endpoint.

Create three private subnets in the Neptune VPC. Install the Lambda functions in these newly formed isolated subnets. Establish a VPC endpoint for DynamoDB and direct DynamoDB traffic to this VPC endpoint.