A network engineer has set up an Amazon EC2 instance in a private subnet within a VPC that lacks a public subnet. The EC2 instance runs application code designed to send messages to an Amazon SQS queue. The subnet uses the default network ACL without any changes, and the EC2 instance is configured with the default security group without modifications.

The SQS queue is not receiving the messages.

What are two potential reasons for this issue? (Select two.)