Modernize the Spark workload for Dataflow and the Hive workload for BigQuery: This approach focuses on full modernization, which, while beneficial in the long term, may not be feasible within the constrained timeline.

Migrate the workloads to Dataproc plus Cloud Storage; modernize later: This strategy offers a balanced approach, enabling timely migration with Cloud Storage for immediate cost benefits, deferring modernization for a later phase.

Migrate the Spark workload to Dataproc plus HDFS and modernize the Hive workload for BigQuery: Combining 'lift and shift' with partial modernization, this option may risk exceeding the 2-month deadline due to the modernization component.

Migrate the workloads to Dataproc plus HDFS; modernize later: Although this 'lift and shift' method is quick, it lacks immediate cost savings as it continues to rely on HDFS, requiring managed disks and compute resources.