Answer: the probability of committing a Type II error.

The **power of a test** is the probability of correctly rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false. This is equivalent to one minus the probability of a **Type II error** (failing to reject the null when it is false). - **Option A** is incorrect because the p-value measures the probability of observing the test statistic under the null hypothesis, which is related to **Type I error** (rejecting the null when it is true). - **Option B** is incorrect because the probability of a **Type I error** is the significance level, not the power of the test. - **Option C** is correct because the power of the test is directly linked to avoiding a **Type II error**.

Author: LeetQuiz Editorial Team