An investor gathers the following information about their portfolio:

| Asset Class | Portfolio Allocation | Portfolio Return | Benchmark Allocation | Benchmark Return |

|-------------|----------------------|------------------|----------------------|------------------|

| Stocks | 80% | 11.0% | 60% | 13.0% |

| Bonds | 20% | 5.0% | 40% | 4.0% |

| Total | 100% | 9.8% | 100% | 9.4% |

The portfolio has generated positive alpha over the benchmark from: