
Explanation:
According to the fundamental law of active management: IR = IC × √BR × TC
Breadth (BR): An increase in breadth increases √BR, which directly increases the information ratio, all else equal.
Active Risk: Active risk appears in the calculation of expected active return (IR × Active Risk), but not in the IR formula itself. Increasing active risk doesn't increase IR.
Binding Constraints: Constraints reduce the transfer coefficient (TC), which decreases the information ratio.
Therefore, the ex-ante information ratio will most likely increase with an increase in breadth.
A
breadth of the portfolio.
B
active risk of the portfolio.
C
number of binding constraints on the portfolio.
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