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An analyst at a commercial bank is evaluating how the bank applies historical simulation (HS) to estimate VaR and ES. The analyst focuses on the approaches used for weighting past return observations, including the age-weighted, volatility-weighted, correlation-weighted, and filtered HS approaches. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the given weighting approach?
A
The age-weighted approach typically specifies that observations that occurred after the cutoff date are given an equal weight while observations that occurred before the cutoff date are given a weight of zero.
B
The volatility-weighted approach adjusts historical returns in the sample by increasing them if the historical volatility forecast was higher than the current volatility forecast, and decreasing them if the historical volatility forecast was lower than the current volatility forecast.
C
The correlation-weighted approach uses matrix multiplication to adjust historical portfolio returns so that these returns reflect current volatilities and current correlations.
D
The filtered HS approach allows the historical returns data to be trimmed or customized based on day of the week, magnitude of return, or any other characteristic of the data.