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Answer: For each option, use the implied volatility of the most similar option traded on the market.
## Explanation When marking to market a book of options with a pronounced volatility smile, the most appropriate approach is to use the implied volatility of the most similar option traded on the market for each option position. Here's why: ### Key Factors: 1. **Volatility Smile Presence**: A pronounced volatility smile indicates that implied volatility varies across different strike prices, with out-of-the-money and in-the-money options typically having higher implied volatilities than at-the-money options. 2. **Trader's Position and Incentives**: - The trader is **short deep out-of-money options** (which would have higher implied volatility due to the smile) - The trader is **long at-the-money options** (which would have lower implied volatility) - The trader's bonus increases with book value 3. **Valuation Implications**: - Using at-the-money volatility (Option A) would undervalue the short deep OTM positions and potentially overvalue the book - Using average volatility (Option B) ignores the systematic pattern of the volatility smile - Using historical volatility (Option D) ignores current market pricing information ### Why Option C is Correct: - **Market Consistency**: Using the implied volatility of similar traded options ensures the valuation reflects current market prices - **Smile Adjustment**: Properly accounts for the volatility smile by using strike-specific implied volatilities - **Avoids Bias**: Prevents manipulation where the trader could choose a volatility that maximizes their bonus - **Regulatory Compliance**: Most appropriate for fair value accounting and regulatory requirements This approach ensures the book is marked at fair market value, preventing the trader from manipulating the valuation to increase their bonus.
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You are asked to mark to market a book of plain vanilla stock options. The trader is short deep out-of-money options and long at-the-money options. There is a pronounced smile for these options. The trader's bonus increases as the value of his book increases. Which approach should you use to mark the book?
A
Use the implied volatility of at-the-money options because the estimation of the volatility is more reliable.
B
Use the average of the implied volatilities for the traded options for which you have data because all options should have the same implied volatility with Black-Scholes and you don't know which one is the right one.
C
For each option, use the implied volatility of the most similar option traded on the market.
D
Use the historical volatility because doing so corrects for the pricing mistakes in the option market.