
Explanation:
Step 1: Calculate the equity loss
Step 2: Calculate the change in liability value due to interest rate decline
Step 3: Calculate the change in surplus
Step 4: Verify the calculation
Therefore, the correct answer is USD -225.4 million (Option C).
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At the end of 2007, Chad & Co.'s pension had USD 350 million worth of assets that were fully invested in equities and USD 180 million in fixed-income liabilities with a modified duration of 14. In 2008, the wide spread effects of the subprime crisis hit the pension fund, causing its investment in equities to loss 50% of their market value. In addition, the immediate response from the government – cutting interest rates – to salvage the situation, caused bond yields to decline by 2%. What was the change in the pension fund's surplus in 2008?
A
USD -55.4 million
B
USD -124.6 million
C
USD -225.4 million
D
USD -230.4 million
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