Answer: -1

## Explanation The covariance between two random variables X and Y is calculated using the formula: \[\text{Cov}[X, Y] = E[XY] - E[X]E[Y]\] Given: - \(E[X] = 3\) - \(E[Y] = 4\) - \(E[XY] = 11\) Substituting into the formula: \[\text{Cov}[X, Y] = 11 - (3 \times 4) = 11 - 12 = -1\] Therefore, the covariance is -1, which corresponds to option A. **Key Concept**: Covariance measures the directional relationship between two random variables. A positive covariance indicates that the variables tend to move in the same direction, while a negative covariance indicates they tend to move in opposite directions.

Author: LeetQuiz .