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Which of the following most accurately summarizes the Volkswagen emissions case study?
A
Volkswagen deliberately programmed emission controls to activate only during regulatory testing but not during real-world driving.
B
Volkswagen did not conduct adequate quality assurance (QA) on its emission controls and consequently, a meaningful percentage of them failed during real-world driving.
C
The Volkswagen case study illustrates how reputation risk can materialize despite the good intentions of managers who disclose problems immediately and cooperate with regulators.
D
Though Volkswagen's credibility was largely affected by the scandal, the share price of the company didn't fall too much as the scandal unfolded.