Answer: AWS WAF

## Explanation AWS WAF (Web Application Firewall) is the correct service for this requirement because: 1. **Purpose**: AWS WAF is specifically designed to protect web applications from common web exploits by allowing you to create custom rules to filter and control inbound web traffic. 2. **Functionality**: It enables you to create custom conditions to: - Block or allow requests based on IP addresses - Filter based on HTTP headers, HTTP body, or URI strings - Protect against SQL injection attacks - Mitigate cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks - Set rate-based rules to limit request rates 3. **Comparison with other options**: - **Amazon GuardDuty**: A threat detection service that continuously monitors for malicious activity and unauthorized behavior (not for custom traffic filtering) - **Amazon Macie**: A security service that uses machine learning to discover, classify, and protect sensitive data (not for web traffic filtering) - **AWS Shield**: A managed Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) protection service (provides automatic protection rather than custom rule-based filtering) 4. **Integration**: AWS WAF can be deployed on Amazon CloudFront, Application Load Balancer (ALB), or Amazon API Gateway, making it suitable for protecting web applications hosted on EC2 instances. **Key Takeaway**: When you need to implement custom conditions to filter and control inbound web traffic for web applications, AWS WAF is the appropriate AWS service.

Author: Ritesh Yadav