Explanation

Option B is NOT true regarding a scatter plot because it incorrectly describes the axis assignment. In a scatter plot:

1. Correct axis assignment: The independent/explanatory variable (X) is plotted on the X-axis, while the dependent/explained variable (Y) is plotted on the Y-axis.
2. What Option B states: It says "the values of the explained variable are plotted on the X-axis while those of the explanatory variable are plotted on the Y-axis" - this is exactly backwards.

Why the other options are correct:

• Option A: Correct - A scatter plot is indeed a visual representation of the relationship between the explained (dependent) variable and the independent/explanatory variable.
• Option C: Correct - Scatter plots reveal the nature of relationships (positive correlation, negative correlation, linear, non-linear, etc.).
• Option D: Incorrect because there IS a false statement among the options (B).

Key Concept: In regression analysis and scatter plots, the independent variable (predictor) goes on the X-axis, and the dependent variable (response) goes on the Y-axis. This convention allows us to visualize how changes in X affect Y.