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Answer: Signed URLs, JSON Web Token (JWT)
## Explanation **Correct Answers: B (Signed URLs) and D (JSON Web Token (JWT))** ### Why these options are correct: 1. **Signed URLs (Option B)**: - Signed URLs are perfect for users who cannot change hardcoded URLs because the signature is embedded directly in the URL itself - Users with custom HTTP clients that don't support cookies can still use signed URLs since they're just URLs with query parameters - The URL contains all the authentication information in the query string, so no cookies are required 2. **JSON Web Token (JWT) (Option D)**: - JWT can be passed in the Authorization header or as a query parameter, making it compatible with custom HTTP clients - JWT tokens can be validated by CloudFront using Lambda@Edge functions - This provides fine-grained access control without requiring cookie support ### Why other options are incorrect: - **A (Signed cookies)**: This requires cookie support in the HTTP client, which the custom clients don't have - **C (AWS AppSync)**: This is a GraphQL service for building APIs, not designed for securing CloudFront content delivery - **E (AWS Secrets Manager)**: This is for managing secrets like database credentials, not for securing CloudFront content access ### Key considerations for the solution: 1. **For users with custom HTTP clients without cookie support**: Both signed URLs and JWT work because they don't rely on cookies 2. **For users unable to change hardcoded URLs**: Signed URLs can be pre-generated and distributed, while JWT tokens can be added as query parameters to existing URLs 3. **Least impact to users**: Both solutions work with existing infrastructure without requiring client-side changes to support cookies **Implementation approach**: - Use CloudFront signed URLs for time-limited access to specific content - Use JWT with Lambda@Edge for more complex authorization logic and user-specific access control - Both methods can be combined for different user groups based on their capabilities
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A media company uses Amazon CloudFront for its publicly available streaming video content. The company wants to secure the video content that is hosted in Amazon S3 by controlling who has access. Some of the company's users are using a custom HTTP client that does not support cookies. Some of the company's users are unable to change the hardcoded URLs that they are using for access.
Which services or methods will meet these requirements with the LEAST impact to the users? (Choose two.)
A
Signed cookies
B
Signed URLs
C
AWS AppSync
D
JSON Web Token (JWT)
E
AWS Secrets Manager