AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Associate
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A company has an application that collects data from IoT sensors on automobiles. The data is streamed and stored in Amazon S3 through Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose. The data produces trillions of S3 objects each year. Each morning, the company uses the data from the previous 30 days to retrain a suite of machine learning (ML) models.
Four times each year, the company uses the data from the previous 12 months to perform analysis and train other ML models. The data must be available with minimal delay for up to 1 year. After 1 year, the data must be retained for archival purposes.
Which storage solution meets these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
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UAnonymous
A
Use the S3 Intelligent-Tiering storage class. Create an S3 Lifecycle policy to transition objects to S3 Glacier Deep Archive after 1 year.
B
Use the S3 Intelligent-Tiering storage class. Configure S3 Intelligent-Tiering to automatically move objects to S3 Glacier Deep Archive after 1 year.
C
Use the S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-IA) storage class. Create an S3 Lifecycle policy to transition objects to S3 Glacier Deep Archive after 1 year.
D
Use the S3 Standard storage class. Create an S3 Lifecycle policy to transition objects to S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-IA) after 30 days, and then to S3 Glacier Deep Archive after 1 year.
Explanation:
Explanation
Correct Answer: A
Why Option A is correct:
-
S3 Intelligent-Tiering is the most cost-effective choice for data with unknown or changing access patterns:
- The data is accessed daily for the first 30 days (for ML model retraining)
- It's accessed quarterly (4 times per year) for analysis and training other ML models
- This mixed access pattern makes Intelligent-Tiering ideal as it automatically moves data between frequent and infrequent access tiers based on actual usage
-
Lifecycle policy to Glacier Deep Archive after 1 year:
- After 1 year, the data is only needed for archival purposes
- Glacier Deep Archive is the lowest-cost storage class for long-term archival (retrieval times of 12 hours)
- A lifecycle policy is the correct way to transition to Glacier Deep Archive
Why other options are incorrect:
Option B: Incorrect because S3 Intelligent-Tiering cannot automatically move objects to Glacier Deep Archive. Intelligent-Tiering only moves between Frequent Access and Infrequent Access tiers within S3. Glacier transitions require lifecycle policies.
Option C: S3 Standard-IA is more expensive than Intelligent-Tiering for this use case because:
- Standard-IA has a minimum storage duration charge of 30 days
- It charges retrieval fees
- Data accessed daily for the first 30 days would incur unnecessary Standard-IA costs
- Intelligent-Tiering would keep frequently accessed data in the Frequent Access tier
Option D: S3 Standard is the most expensive option for this scenario:
- Standard storage is designed for frequently accessed data
- Keeping data in Standard for 30 days when it could be in Intelligent-Tiering is more costly
- The two-step transition adds complexity without cost benefit
Key AWS Concepts:
- S3 Intelligent-Tiering: Automatically moves objects between Frequent Access and Infrequent Access tiers based on access patterns
- S3 Lifecycle Policies: Automate transitions between storage classes and expiration of objects
- S3 Glacier Deep Archive: Lowest-cost storage for long-term archival (12-hour retrieval)
- Access Patterns: Daily access for 30 days + quarterly access for 12 months = mixed pattern ideal for Intelligent-Tiering
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