If two firms have independent default events, the joint probability of default π12 is equal to the product of their individual probabilities of default, π1 and π2. Therefore, π12=π1π2.
Also, the default correlation ρ12 between the two firms is exactly zero.
Let's evaluate each option:
- Options A, B, and D all have the default correlation ρ12 as a multiplicative factor. Since ρ12=0, these expressions will all evaluate to zero.
- Option C: π1π12=π1π1π2=π2. Assuming the firm has a non-zero probability of default (π2>0), this expression evaluates to a non-zero value.
Thus, the correct answer is C.