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Explanation:
The Swiss cheese model of accident causation illustrates that, although many layers of defense lie between hazards and accidents, there are flaws in each layer. For an operational loss (the accident) to occur, every layer of control would have to fail simultaneously (the holes in the Swiss cheese align). Option A is incorrect because multiple layers of defense must fail, not just one. Option C is incorrect because the model typically assumes that the layers are independent. Option D is not a characteristic of the Swiss cheese model.
A
The failure of a single key control would directly result in an operational loss.
B
Every layer of control would have to fail in order for an operational loss to occur.
C
The probability of each control failure depends on whether the previous control failed.
D
Extreme operational losses become less likely while small operational losses become more likely.
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