All of the above. In a corporate takeover, the acquiring company can make several types of offers to the target company. These include a cash offer, a share-for-share offer, or a combination of both. A cash offer involves the acquiring company buying the existing shares of the target company for cash. This means that the acquiring company bears the risk of the acquisition. A share-for-share offer involves the acquiring company issuing new shares in exchange for the existing shares of the target company. This results in the shareholders of the target company becoming shareholders of the acquiring company, and the risks of the acquisition are shared between the two companies. A combination of a cash offer and a share-for-share exchange involves elements of both types of offers. The initial offer made by the acquiring company is not necessarily the final offer, and the investment bank must rely on its previous experience to formulate a fair strategy for price negotiations.

Therefore, the correct answer is D. All of the above.